Foucaults discourse
postmodern theories - Zygmunt Bauman
Identity today - especially in digital domain
Essentialism
Biological make up makes us who we are
Inner essence
Post modern theorists disagree - anti essentialism
Physiognomy
Phrenology
Perfect balance within the brain. Different parts formulate the person you are and your identity. Need to be balanced unless some part is lacking or larger - then there isn't balance.
Cesare Lombroso 1835 - 1909
Positivist Criminology the notion that criminal tendencies are inherited.
Measure facial characteristics to determine what kind of person you are.
Blatant Racism.
Blonde hair - blue eyes. Ideal person.
Physiognomy legitimising racism
Bosch painting.
Most people look weird - only one looking normal is christ and one follower.
Ofili - Holy Virgin Mary 1996
Black british painter. Grew up in Manchester. Breaking into the art world as a black person. Displays features that represent his black origin. African facial features.
Sensation exhibit. 1997. Caused trouble in NY. Notion of Racism.
Historical phases of identity.
Media Culture - cultural studies, identity and politics between the modern and postmodern 1992.
Pre modern identity. personal identity is stable. defined by long standing roles.
Modern Identity. modern societies begin to offer a wider range of social roles. Start choosing your identity rather simply being born into it. Social class.
Postmodern identity. accepts a fragmented self identity is constructed.
Pre modern identity.
Institutions determined identity.
Marriage - the church - monarchy - government - the state - work
secure identities
farm worker - landed gentry
soldier - state
factory - industrial capitalism
housewife - patriarchy
Husband wife - marriage / church
Modern Identity
19th and early 20th centuries
Charles Boudelaire - painter of modern life
Veblen - theory of the leisure class
Simmel - metropolis and mental life 1903
Modern identity
19th and early 20th cenuries
Baudelaire - introduces concept of the 'flaneur' - gentleman stroller
Veblen - conspicuous - consumption of valuable goods is a means of reputability to the gentleman of leisure
Simmel
Trickle down theory
emulation
distinction
the mask of fashion
Leisure class - all they need to do is swan around the streets of Paris. Showing something to aspire to. makes the different to the rest of society.
upper class seen wearing newest fashions and the lower classes see this and try and emulate it.
catwalk - topshop
People hide behind what they're wearing.
Edvrd Munch painting
Vacant faces. sums of whats Simmel says, you might be surrounded by these upper class people but you're still really lonely. expectation that you are sociable. condition of identity is becoming isolated.
speed and mutability of modernity individuals withdraw into themselves to find peace.
Discourse Analysis
Identity is constructed out of the discourses culturally available to use.
set of recurring statements that define a particular ................
Age
class
gender
nationality
race - otherness
sexual orientations - otherness
income
Class
happened with industrial revolution - start of working class
upper class - stay in that class and stop the lower class entering your class.
Worktown project 1937 - mass observation
photographs - uni of sussex
See how the classes in bolton live.
Upper class observing lower classes how they operate
North south divide.
The Last Resort 1983 - 86
Martin Parr.
New Brighton, Merseyside from the last resort
Documents the worlds - accusations made is that it he's looking down on the way people live their life.
Essentially poking fun out of the way people live.
Martin Parr - Ascot 2003 - about what you're wearing. playing out roles they dont really belong to
Bauman 2004 identity 52
Think of England/Germany
2000 - 2003
Highland Rape collection AW 1995 - 6
McQueen
Fake blood - slashed out sections. stagger down catwalk as if they're drugged. controversy.
About the rape of scotlond - Jacobite rebellion.
odd way to make statement about scottish identity.
Westwood - Anglomania collection AW 1993-4
Englishness not about being british.
Las Vegas
national identity in contemporary world
different identities in one place.
V Papanek
Why go see the real world when you go can go Disney world. hehehehehe.
Race.
Chris Ofilli
Captain shit and the legend of the black starts
Questioning the lack of a black superhero. how is viewed by white audience.
He places paintings on elephant dung on the floor.
No woman no cry - 1998. turner prize.
Tears of steven lawrences face in painting.
Gillian Wearing turner prize winner
Signs that say what you want them to say not what everyone else wants you to say 1992 - 1993
Series of photographs
McQueen 1997
accused of racism.
Fashion industry doesn't have space for black models
Naomi Capbell - industry trying to make her white
Emily bates - dress, created using her own hair.
Gender and sexuality
Talking about fashion industry,
Edmund Bergler.
La garconne
Masquerade and the mask of femininity
untitled film stills 1977 - 80
Cindy Sherman
Sarah Lucas - au natuerl 1994
Sam Taylor Wood 1993
Tracy Emin - everyone i have ever slept with - 1963 - 95 - 1995
I cant cook - who cares.
Gillin Wearing, Lynne 1993-6
Postmodern condition
Liquid modernity and Liquid Love
post modern theory
identity is constructed through our social experience
the presentation of self in everyday life - Goffman
Zygmunt Bauman
Theodore Levitt - the morality of advertising 1970
Rene Descartes - i think there for i am
Kruger - i shop therefore i am 1987
Visual Digital Culture
187
Sherry Turkle 1994 - virtual reality
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Michel Foucault (French pronunciation: [miʃɛl fuko]), born Paul-Michel Foucault (15 October 1926 – 25 June 1984), was a French philosopher, social theorist and historian of ideas. He held a chair at the Collège de France with the title "History of Systems of Thought," and lectured at the University at Buffalo and the University of California, Berkeley.
Foucault is best known for his critical studies of social institutions, most notably psychiatry, social anthropology of medicine, the human sciences and the prison system, as well as for his work on the history of human sexuality. His writings on power, knowledge, and discourse have been widely influential in academic circles. In the 1960s Foucault was associated with structuralism, a theoretical movement in social anthropology from which he later distanced himself. Foucault also rejected the poststructuralist and postmodernist labels later attributed to him, preferring to classify his thought as a critical history of modernity rooted in Immanuel Kant. Foucault's project was particularly influenced by Nietzsche, his "genealogy of knowledge" being a direct allusion to Nietzsche's "genealogy of morality". In a late interview he definitively stated: "I am a Nietzschean."[1]
Foucault was listed as the most cited scholar in the humanities in 2007 by the ISI Web of Science.[2
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michel_Foucault
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