Introduce a critical definition of ideology
basic principles of Marxist philosophy
the way in which media constitutes us as subjects
culture jamming and the idea of design activism
What can designers do to change the world in which we live in? alter the situation.
Left wing activist designers.
The philosophers have only interpreted the world, in various ways; the point, however, is to change it?
Marx. 1845. Theses on Feuerbach
No point in just thinking, got to do stuff as well - same as there is no point just doing going. got to do and think.. Praxis. Unification of thought and action.
Marxism is :
- political manifesto, leading to socialism, communism and the twentieth century conflicts between capital and labour
- a philosophical approach to the social sciences which focuses on the role of society in determining human behaviour, based on the concept of dialectical materialism.
Definition of praxis.................
Marxism read to the rise of soviet union.
What is Capitalism?
Control of the means of production
the society in which we live in the west..
A market where labour power is bought and sold
ability to make money and profit is held by a few individuals - a few people make money, the rest work to make money for the select few.
Production commodities for sale
Use of money as a means of exchange.
Competition
A system which makes us compete - if you're at the top of society it's because you deserve to be there.
Like at school - grades
Jobs market
always encouraged to compete
Communist Evolution
1. Primitive communism - shared everything.. ahaaa. Social and sexual freedom. If you stabbed someone in the back it harmed the entire society.
2. Slave Society - Heirarchy - accidental. Relations of production emerging.
3. Feaudalism - Aristocracy
4. Capitalism - Power changes from aristocrats to the the people of have the opportunity to make money. Working class make money for these people.
5. Socialism - Worked overthrow the ruling class.. Take over the state and run it for the society and everyone. State would wither away.. The workers confronted with the unfairness if the situation - they create the wealth..
6. Communism
Marx's concept of base / superstructure.
Base
Forces of production - materials / tools / workers / skills
relations of production - employer / employee / class / master
Superstructure
Social institutions - legal / political / cultural
forms of consciousness - ideology
Certain relations emerge and work around the forces of production (base) Everything is a result of the forces of production. Everything culture / education........... can be traced back to issues of class, racial politics.. even if it's not directly political. Political attitude. Created social institutions.
Base determines content of form of superstructure. Dialectical - one thing producing the opposite. confused.
Education - Schools - the base are the bosses and the workers. boss tells worker what to do.. You get taught by a teacher who tells them what to do - taking instructions. Acceptable for boss to instruct those who are below them.
Society base and superstructure
Origins of the family.. women were the dominant people. as society got developed started being able to harvest food - store surplus capital, the men wondered who they handed stuff down to. Back in the day only women knew who their kids were.
Society produces who you are.. the place you grow up.. Where we are in life.. forced into situations - dont have control over these situations and relationships.
The state
Poster from 1917.
International workers of the world.
Pyramid of capitalism.. the way in which society works.
The state
Instruments of the state
ideological and physical coercion
The bourgeoisie
The proletatiat
A key way to control society is to control they way in which they think. Ideology.
Set up a organised religion.
Religion - Marxism - how does religion teach us to think? if we are good it doesnt matter you're poor - be moral - you die and you are rewarded in heaven. Cynical Marxism reading. Religion is a trap. mental control..
Ideology
1 - system of ideas or beliefs (eg beliefs of political party
2 - making, distortion or selection of ideas to reinforce power relations through creation of false consciousness.
Only selectivly presents a way of thinking..
Oppression of class / gender / race.
We dont understand the true nature of society. we are exploited in certain ways.
All sort of ideological ways that are operating around us..
Ideology emerges of ruling class and represents their world view. exploited class think its their world.. they dont realised they are oppressed start thinking like the oppressor.
Religion is the opiate of the masses. Marx. 1843.
Art as Ideology.
Always been ideological
about one persons free expression
one genius who has to communicate their idea to society.
artists from rich class - those who could be educated.
Women couldn't be artists - seen as inferior.
Very late in the day before women could be artists.
kings and queens buy art.
made by the rich for the rich.
The way in which the ruling class thinks - you think they way in which the ruling class thinks.
Roses for Stalin.
Lincoln cathedral.
If you dont behave to the churches moral code then thats what happens - you're eaten by snakes. right. Art to train people to think in a certain way.
1989. Advantages of being a woman artist - article.
Society = Economic
Political and Ideological
Althusser 1970. 'Ideology and ideological state apparatus'
Ideology is a practice through which men and women live their relations to real conditions of existence
Ideology offers false, but seemingly true resolutions to social imbalance.
Seems to offer reasons for why we are in our situation.
The media as ideological state apparatus.
A means production
Disseminates the views of the ruling class (dominant hegemonic)
Media creates a false consciousness
The individual is produced by nature; the subject by culture. Fiske 1992.
Education isn't freedom. It's training you in a certain way.
Media outlet is owned by rich guys. Media reflects ideology and created a false sonsciousness.
Media controls the way in which we think - controlled by the rich.
The way in which media is ideological.
Rupert merdock.
Power to control elections. The sun. 1997. The Sun tory paper - Blair cut a deal so rupert could by more stuff - got media to team to back labour. then they fall out.. get rid of monpoly commission laws.
aghhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh.
The times.
Papers marketed at upper class - complex language - idea of quality. national heritage. stories are sophisticated.
Daily star.
Working class.
News about TV. and dr who.. aha.
Saying that the working class are stupid.. writing in a manner that is dumbed down.
Becomes a way of life. Working class only recognise this as their culture.
A way in which you live your life.
Can be traced back to base relationship.
Newspapers acts as judges of those who challenge society.
Riots.
A judgement.
Darcus Howe. What a cool guy.
BBC news. Youtube..
Wonderbra advert. Ive never read the economist. ahahahhahaha.
Commodity Fetishism.
Marx, Capital vol 1.
New Yorkers business is picking up.
Garbage of New york city.
Sell anything if its branded correctly.
you judge a society on how it treats the weakest. young and old.
Adbusters.
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